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Youwen Wu 2025-01-07 17:58:53 -08:00
parent 2ef38e88cf
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2 changed files with 23 additions and 3 deletions

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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ as *propositional forms*.
DeMorgan's Laws tell us how to distribute logical connectives across DeMorgan's Laws tell us how to distribute logical connectives across
parentheses. parentheses.
#theorem[DeMorgan's Laws][ #fact[DeMorgan's Laws][
+ $not (P or Q) = not P and not Q$ + $not (P or Q) = not P and not Q$
+ $not (P and Q) = not P or not Q$ + $not (P and Q) = not P or not Q$
] ]
@ -104,4 +104,15 @@ parentheses.
Trivially, by completing a truth table. Trivially, by completing a truth table.
] ]
Also, propositional forms obey commutative, associative, distributive laws,
which can be trivially obtained from symbolic manipulations and will not be
restated. Together with the double negation law and the _law of the excluded
middle_, these comprise the axioms of a system of propositional logic.
#fact[
We abbreviate propositional forms by eliding parentheses, according to the rules:
+ $not$ is applied to the smallest proposition following it.
+ $and$ connects the smallest propositions surrounding it.
+ $or$ connects the smallest propositions surrounding it.
]

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@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ the previous ones.
Check your intuition that this makes sense. Why do you think $RR^n$ was chosen Check your intuition that this makes sense. Why do you think $RR^n$ was chosen
as the notation for $n$ dimensional spaces in $RR$? as the notation for $n$ dimensional spaces in $RR$?
#remark[Disjoint sets][ #definition[Disjoint sets][
If $A sect B$ = $emptyset$, then we say that $A$ and $B$ are *disjoint*. If $A sect B$ = $emptyset$, then we say that $A$ and $B$ are *disjoint*.
] ]
#fact[Properties of set operations][ #fact[
For any sets $A$ and $B$, we have DeMorgan's Laws: For any sets $A$ and $B$, we have DeMorgan's Laws:
+ $(A union B)' = A' sect B'$ + $(A union B)' = A' sect B'$
+ $(A sect B)' = A' union B'$ + $(A sect B)' = A' union B'$
@ -148,3 +148,12 @@ When a set is uncountably infinite, its cardinality is greater than $aleph_0$.
every set with cardinality $aleph_0$ has a bijection to $ZZ$. More generally, every set with cardinality $aleph_0$ has a bijection to $ZZ$. More generally,
any sets with the same cardinality have a bijection between them. any sets with the same cardinality have a bijection between them.
] ]
This gives us the following equivalent statement:
#fact[
Two sets have the same cardinality if and only if there exists a bijective
function between them. In symbols,
$ N(A) = N(B) <==> exists F : A <-> B $
]