feat: complete c_4_lab_4

meson.build

@@ -22,3 +22,9 @@ c_2_program_1 = executable('c_2_program_1', 'src/chapter_2/program_1/main.cpp',
 
 c_3_lab_1 = executable('c_3_lab_1', 'src/chapter_3/lab_1/main.cpp', install: true)
 c_3_program_1 = executable('c_3_program_1', 'src/chapter_3/program_1/main.cpp', install: true)
+
+c_4_lab_4 = executable(
+  'c_4_lab_4',
+  ['src/chapter_4/lab_4/main.cpp', 'src/chapter_4/lab_4/Distance.cpp'],
+  install: true,
+)

src/chapter_4/lab_4/Distance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "Distance.h"
+#include <cmath>
+
+Distance::Distance() {
+  this->_feet = 0;
+  this->_inches = 0;
+}
+
+Distance::Distance(unsigned feet, double inches) {
+  this->_feet = feet;
+  this->_inches = inches;
+  this->init();
+}
+
+Distance::Distance(double inches) {
+  this->_inches = inches;
+  this->_feet = 0;
+  this->init();
+}
+
+void Distance::init() {
+  this->_inches = abs(this->_inches);
+  this->_feet += static_cast<int>(this->_inches) / 12;
+  this->_inches -= ((static_cast<int>(this->_inches) / 12) * 12);
+}
+
+unsigned Distance::getFeet() const { return this->_feet; }
+
+double Distance::getInches() const { return this->_inches; }
+
+double Distance::distanceInInches() const {
+  return this->_inches + this->_feet * 12;
+}
+
+double Distance::distanceInFeet() const {
+  return (static_cast<double>(this->_feet) + this->_inches / 12);
+}
+
+double Distance::distanceInMeters() const {
+  return (distanceInInches() * 0.0254);
+}
+
+Distance Distance::operator-(const Distance &rhs) const {
+  return Distance(this->distanceInInches() - rhs.distanceInInches());
+}
+
+Distance Distance::operator+(const Distance &rhs) const {
+  return Distance(this->distanceInInches() + rhs.distanceInInches());
+}
+
+ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Distance &rhs) {
+  out << rhs.getFeet() << "' " << rhs.getInches() << "\"";
+  return out;
+}

src/chapter_4/lab_4/Distance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define DISTANCE_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Distance {
+
+public:
+  /* Constructs a default Distance of 0 (0 feet and 0.0 inches)
+   */
+  Distance();
+
+  /* Constructs a distance of ft feet and in inches.
+       Calls the init() helper function to convert negative inches to positive
+       and any excess inches to feet.
+  */
+  Distance(unsigned ft, double in);
+
+  /* Constructs a distance of 0 ft and in inches.
+       Calls the init() helper function to convert negative inches to positive
+       and any excess inches to feet.
+  */
+  explicit Distance(double in);
+
+  /* Returns just the feet portion of the Distance
+   */
+  unsigned getFeet() const;
+
+  /* Returns just the inches portion of the Distance
+   */
+  double getInches() const;
+
+  /* Returns the entire distance as the equivalent amount of inches.
+       (e.g., 4 feet 3.5 inches would be returned as 51.5 inches)
+  */
+  double distanceInInches() const;
+
+  /* Returns the entire distance as the equivalent amount of feet.
+       (e.g., 3 feet 6 inches would be returned as 3.5 feet)
+  */
+  double distanceInFeet() const;
+
+  /* Returns the entire distance as the equivalent amount of meters.
+       1 inch equals 0.0254 meters.
+       (e.g., 2 feet 8.12 inches would be returned as 0.815848 meters)
+  */
+  double distanceInMeters() const;
+
+  /* Returns the sum of 2 Distances.
+   */
+  Distance operator+(const Distance &rhs) const;
+
+  /* Returns the difference between 2 Distances.
+   */
+  Distance operator-(const Distance &rhs) const;
+
+  /* Outputs to the stream out the Distance in the format:
+       feet' inches'' (i.e. 3' 3.41'')
+  */
+  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Distance &rhs);
+
+private:
+  /* Used by the 2 parameterized constructors to convert any negative values to
+     positive and inches >= 12 to the appropriate number of feet and inches.
+       Hint: No branch needed to convert to positive if you use absolute value
+     function.
+  */
+  void init();
+
+  unsigned _feet;
+  double _inches;
+};

src/chapter_4/lab_4/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Distance.h"
+
+int main() {
+  Distance d1;
+  cout << "d1: " << d1 << endl;
+
+  Distance d2 = Distance(2, 5.9);
+  Distance d3 = Distance(3.75);
+  cout << "d2: " << d2 << endl;
+  cout << "d3: " << d3 << endl;
+
+  // test init helper function
+  Distance d4 = Distance(5, 19.34);
+  Distance d5 = Distance(100);
+  cout << "d4: " << d4 << endl;
+  cout << "d5: " << d5 << endl;
+
+  // test add (<12 inches)
+  cout << "d4 + d5: " << (d4 + d5) << endl;
+  // test add (>12 inches)
+  cout << "d2 + d4: " << (d2 + d4) << endl;
+
+  // test sub (0 ft)
+  cout << "d3 - d1: " << (d3 - d1) << endl;
+  // test sub (0 ft, negative conversion)
+  cout << "d1 - d3: " << (d1 - d3) << endl;
+
+  // test sub (positive ft & inch)
+  cout << "d4 - d2: " << (d4 - d2) << endl;
+  // test sub (negative ft & inch)
+  cout << "d2 - d4: " << (d2 - d4) << endl;
+
+  // test sub (negative ft, positive inch)
+  cout << "d4 - d5: " << (d4 - d5) << endl;
+  // test sub (positive ft, negative inch)
+  cout << "d5 - d2: " << (d5 - d2) << endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}