feat: finish chapter 4 program 3

meson.build

@@ -28,3 +28,13 @@ c_4_lab_4 = executable(
   ['src/chapter_4/lab_4/main.cpp', 'src/chapter_4/lab_4/Distance.cpp'],
   install: true,
 )
+
+c_4_program_3 = executable(
+  'c_4_program_3',
+  [
+    'src/chapter_4/program_3/main.cpp',
+    'src/chapter_4/program_3/Card.cpp',
+    'src/chapter_4/program_3/Deck.cpp',
+  ],
+  install: true,
+)

src/chapter_4/program_3/Card.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "Card.h"
+
+Card::Card() {
+  suit = 'c';
+  rank = 2;
+}
+
+Card::Card(char suit, int rank) {
+  char suit_lowered = tolower(suit);
+  if (suit_lowered != 'c' && suit_lowered != 'h' && suit_lowered != 's' &&
+      suit_lowered != 'd') {
+    this->suit = 'c';
+  } else {
+    this->suit = suit_lowered;
+  }
+  if (rank < 0 || rank > 13) {
+    this->rank = 2;
+  } else {
+    this->rank = rank;
+  }
+}
+
+char Card::getSuit() const { return this->suit; }
+int Card::getRank() const { return this->rank; }
+
+ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, const Card &card) {
+  string suitName;
+  string cardName;
+
+  switch (card.suit) {
+  case 'c':
+    suitName = "Clubs";
+    break;
+  case 'd':
+    suitName = "Diamonds";
+    break;
+  case 'h':
+    suitName = "Hearts";
+    break;
+  case 's':
+    suitName = "Spades";
+    break;
+  }
+
+  switch (card.rank) {
+  case 1:
+    cardName = "Ace";
+    break;
+  case 11:
+    cardName = "Jack";
+    break;
+  case 12:
+    cardName = "Queen";
+    break;
+  case 13:
+    cardName = "King";
+    break;
+  default:
+    cardName = to_string(card.rank);
+  }
+
+  stream << cardName << " of " << suitName;
+
+  return stream;
+}

src/chapter_4/program_3/Card.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//Card interface file
+#ifndef __CARD_H__
+#define __CARD_H__
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+class Card {
+ private:
+    char suit;
+    int rank;
+ public:
+ 
+    /* Assigns a default value of 2 of Clubs
+    */
+    Card();
+
+
+    /* Assigns the Card the suit and rank provided.
+       suits: c = Clubs, d = Diamonds, h = Hearts, s = Spades
+       If an invalid suit is provided, sets the suit to Clubs
+       ranks: 1 - 13 (1 = Ace, 11 = Jack, 12 = Queen, 13 = King)
+       If an invalid rank is provided, sets the rank to 2
+       Accepts lower or upper case characters for suit
+    */
+    Card(char, int);
+
+
+    /* Returns the Card's suit
+    */
+    char getSuit() const;
+    
+    
+    /* Returns the Card's rank as an integer
+    */
+    int getRank() const;
+    
+    /* Outputs a Card in the following format: Rank of Suit
+       For example, if the rank is 3 and the suit is h: 3 of Hearts
+       Or, if the rank is 1 and the suit is d: Ace of Diamonds
+       Or, if the rank is 12 and the suit is c: Queen of Clubs
+       etc.
+    */
+    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &, const Card &);
+};
+
+#endif

src/chapter_4/program_3/Deck.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "Deck.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+Deck::Deck() {
+  char suits[] = {'s', 'h', 'd', 'c'};
+
+  for (char c : suits) {
+    for (int i = 13; i >= 1; i--) {
+      theDeck.push_back(Card(c, i));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Deck::shuffleDeck() {
+  for (auto c : dealtCards) {
+    theDeck.push_back(c);
+  }
+  dealtCards.clear();
+  random_shuffle(theDeck.begin(), theDeck.end());
+}
+
+unsigned Deck::deckSize() const { return theDeck.size(); }
+
+Card Deck::dealCard() {
+  Card back = theDeck.back();
+  dealtCards.push_back(back);
+  theDeck.pop_back();
+  return back;
+}

src/chapter_4/program_3/Deck.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#ifndef __DECK_H__
+#define __DECK_H__
+
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Card.h"
+
+class Deck {
+ private:
+    vector<Card> theDeck;
+    vector<Card> dealtCards;
+ public:
+    /* Constructs a Deck of 52 cards:
+       Ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King of each suit.
+       Cards should start off in this order with the order of suits being:
+       Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, Spades. So, the Card at the top of the
+       Deck should be the Ace of Clubs. The next Card should be 2 of Clubs.
+       The 3rd Card should be 3 of Clubs, and so on ...
+       
+       For best efficiency, the top of Deck should be stored at 
+       back end of vector.
+    */
+    Deck();
+
+    /* Deals (returns) the top card of the deck. 
+       Removes this card from theDeck and places it in dealtCards.
+       As mentioned in comments for the constructor, 
+       for best efficiency, the top card should come from the 
+       back end of vector.
+    */
+    Card dealCard();
+
+
+    /* Places all cards back into theDeck and shuffles them into random order.
+       Use random_shuffle function from algorithm library.
+       To pass test harness, this function must go forward through dealtCards
+       pushing each Card onto the back end of theDeck, then clear dealtCards.
+       Do not use pop_back on dealtCards.
+    */
+    void shuffleDeck();
+
+
+    /* returns the size of the Deck (how many cards have not yet been dealt).
+    */
+    unsigned deckSize() const;
+};
+
+#endif
+

src/chapter_4/program_3/hands.dat

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Found Pair!! Ace of Hearts, 8 of Diamonds, 9 of Hearts, 3 of Hearts, 9 of Spades, 5 of Spades, 10 of Diamonds, 9 of Diamonds, Queen of Spades, 8 of Spades, 
+Found Pair!! 5 of Clubs, 9 of Hearts, 3 of Spades, 2 of Spades, King of Spades, 2 of Clubs, King of Diamonds, Jack of Spades, Jack of Diamonds, 5 of Diamonds, 
+Found Pair!! 3 of Spades, Jack of Diamonds, 9 of Spades, 4 of Spades, 10 of Clubs, 7 of Spades, 9 of Diamonds, 7 of Hearts, Ace of Clubs, 4 of Diamonds, 
+Found Pair!! Ace of Clubs, 9 of Hearts, 6 of Spades, 9 of Spades, 2 of Hearts, Queen of Diamonds, 4 of Spades, Jack of Spades, 8 of Diamonds, 5 of Clubs, 
+Found Pair!! 3 of Clubs, Ace of Spades, 6 of Hearts, 5 of Clubs, 7 of Clubs, King of Spades, 10 of Spades, Queen of Hearts, King of Clubs, Jack of Diamonds, 
+ 

src/chapter_4/program_3/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Card.h"
+#include "Deck.h"
+
+// Returns true if vector of Cards passed in contains at least 2 Cards with the
+// same rank.
+bool hasPair(const vector<Card>);
+double simulateMonteCarlo(Deck, int, int, bool, ostream &);
+
+// Sends to output stream a hand of Cards on a single line,
+// each Card separated by a comma.
+// If the vector is empty, do not output anything.
+// Example (vector size of 3): Ace of Spades, Two of Hearts, King of Clubs
+ostream &operator<<(ostream &, const vector<Card> &);
+
+int main() {
+  srand(2222);
+  bool toFile;
+  int numOfHands;
+  int numOfDeals;
+  string filename;
+  string in;
+  fstream file;
+
+  cout << "Do you want to output all hands to a file?(Yes/No)";
+
+  cin >> in;
+  toFile = in == "Yes";
+  if (toFile) {
+    cout << endl << "Enter name of output file: ";
+    cin >> filename;
+    file.open(filename, fstream::out);
+  };
+  cout << endl << "Enter number of cards per hand: ";
+  cin >> numOfHands;
+  cout << endl << "Enter number of deals (simulations): ";
+  cin >> numOfDeals;
+
+  double probability =
+      simulateMonteCarlo(Deck(), numOfHands, numOfDeals, toFile, file);
+
+  cout << endl
+       << "Chances of receiving a pair in a hand of " << numOfHands
+       << " cards is: " << (probability * 100) << '%' << endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+double simulateMonteCarlo(Deck deck, int numOfHands, int numOfDeals,
+                          bool shouldStreamOutput, ostream &stream) {
+  int pairCount = 0;
+  vector<Card> hand;
+  for (int i = 0; i < numOfDeals; i++) {
+    deck.shuffleDeck();
+    for (int j = 0; j < numOfHands; j++) {
+      hand.push_back(deck.dealCard());
+    }
+    if (hasPair(hand)) {
+      pairCount++;
+      if (shouldStreamOutput) {
+        stream << "Found Pair!! ";
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (shouldStreamOutput) {
+        stream << "             ";
+      }
+    }
+    if (shouldStreamOutput) {
+      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hand.size(); i++) {
+        stream << hand.at(i);
+        if (i < hand.size() - 1) {
+          stream << ", ";
+        }
+      }
+      stream << endl;
+    }
+    hand.clear();
+  }
+
+  return static_cast<double>(pairCount) / static_cast<double>(numOfDeals);
+}
+
+bool hasPair(const vector<Card> vec) {
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vec.size() - 1; i++) {
+    for (unsigned int j = i + 1; j < vec.size(); j++) {
+      if (vec.at(i).getRank() == vec.at(j).getRank()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}